科研管理项目管理系统设计与开发

信息化时代推动了我国科研水平飞速增长,为各行业、各领域提供先进的技术与设备支持,以此提升我国整体的GDP水平。文章认为在提升科研水平的过程中,科研项目管理系统起到举足轻重的作用,为科研活动的规范性、合理性与可行性提供了参考标准。     

《物理化学》课程思政建设的探索与实践

"立德树人"是高等教育的根本任务,思政教育能培养青年大学生树立正确的价值观。以近三年的《物理化学》课程教学实践为基础,举例说明《物理化学》课程的思政元素提炼,讨论了如何在授课教学环节有机融入课程思政内容。结果表明,思政元素的融入不仅能有效提高教学质量,更能激发学生的爱国热情,培养学生的辩证思维,有利于培养有理想、有素养的高素质人才。     

中国石油工业上游发展面临的挑战与未来科技攻关方向

石油和天然气是全球和中国最重要的一次能源。石油工业的生存发展是由油气资源、市场、技术和社会政治经济环境等要素决定的，其中，技术进步是最活跃和最关键的因素之一。中国已成为全球油气生产消费大国，中国石油工业上游的发展也高度依赖石油科技的进步。中国石油工业已形成了先进完整的理论技术研发和装备制造体系，支撑了油气产量持续稳产和增产。未来是中国社会经济发展的关键期，石油工业必将面对重大挑战与新的技术需求，大力实施国家创新战略，发展具有国际领先水平的新一代勘探开发理论技术，支撑油气产业发展，保障国家油气能源安全。中国石油工业上游在未来面临的重大挑战与技术需求包括：①满足中国未来现代化建设的巨大油气需求和保障油气供应安全，这当中必须加大中国油气勘探开发，同时进一步扩大全球及"一带一路"油气投资与生产；②实现中国石油长期稳产2×10⁸t/a以上；③实现中国天然气产量上升至3 000×10⁸m³/a并长期稳产；④发展海洋及深水油气勘探开发先进技术与装备；⑤形成新一代石油工程服务技术装备和数字化转型。中国石油工业上游未来的科技攻关方向和研发重点包括：①先进的石油大幅度提高采收率技术；②大气田勘探与复杂气田提高采收率技术；③非常规油气勘探开发技术；④海洋及深水油气勘探开发技术及装备；⑤"一带一路"油气勘探开发技术；⑥新一代石油工程服务技术装备和数字化转型。     

Identification of potential technologies for 1,4-Butanediol production using prospecting methodology

1,4-Butanediol (1,4-BDO) is a four-carbon diol used for industrial applications such as organic solvents, and the production of adhesives, fibers and polyurethanes. 1,4-BDO currently is produced through several petrochemical routes: hydrogenation of maleic anhydride, isomerization of propylene oxide, acetoxylation of butadiene, and the reaction between formaldehyde and acetylene. The current trends in 1,4-BDO production involve the utilization of renewable sources such as biomass. In this context, the present study aimed to identify promising technologies of 1,4-BDO production through prospecting methodology based on the analyses of patents and scientific article, describing the most relevant aspects of those emerging technologies. An increasing amount of 1,4-BDO production focused on biotechnological routes has been reported, with the US heavily involved in the development of new technologies. This study tracked three promising technologies which have potential for application in a biorefinery context because those processes involve (i) production of 1,4-BDO from sugars, classified herein as the biotechnological route; (ii) production of intermediates from sugar fermentation followed by catalytic conversion into 1,4-BDO, classified herein as the hybrid route, and (iii) furan/furfural conversion into 1,4-BDO. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry     

Applying Feature-Weighted Gradient Decent K-Nearest Neighbor to Select Promising Projects for Scientific Funding

Due to its outstanding ability in processing large quantity and high-dimensional data, machine learning models have been used in many cases, such as pattern recognition, classification, spam filtering, data mining and forecasting. As an outstanding machine learning algorithm, K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) has been widely used in different situations, yet in selecting qualified applicants for winning a funding is almost new. The major problem lies in how to accurately determine the importance of attributes. In this paper, we propose a Feature-weighted Gradient Decent K-Nearest Neighbor (FGDKNN) method to classify funding applicants in to two types: approved ones or not approved ones. The FGDKNN is based on a gradient decent learning algorithm to update weight. It updatesthe weight of labels by minimizing error ratio iteratively, so that the importance of attributes can be described better. We investigate the performance of FGDKNN with Beijing Innofund. The results show that FGDKNN performs about 23%, 20%, 18%, 15% better than KNN, SVM, DT and ANN, respectively. Moreover, the FGDKNN has fast convergence time under different training scales, and has good performance under different settings.     

Turning tradition into an instrument of research: The editorship of William Nicholson (1753–1815)

Mainly known for its links to the periodical market and radical politics, this article recontextualizes the editorship of William Nicholson (1753–1815) in terms of its roots in the metropolitan natural philosophical circles of the second half of the 18th century as well as its impact on experimenters and men of science after 1797. The article argues that Nicholson's editorship of the Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, and the Arts was a means to expand his philosophical significance among natural philosophers at home and abroad—and was, in fact, a form of epistemological subversion that challenged the “Banksian Learned Empire.”     

某白酒企业废水处理系统改造工程

为执行《发酵酒精和白酒工业水污染物排放标准》(GB 27631—2011),四川某白酒企业对原污水处理系统进行了改造,主体工艺在原"UASB+接触氧化"的基础上增加了A2/O单元,并给UASB增加了回流。为提高化学除磷效果,在投加聚合氯化铝的基础上,加投了聚丙烯酰胺。改造后系统出水中COD、NH3-N、TN、TP、色度等指标均实现了稳定达标排放。     

从中日工匠精神之比较论大匠精神的延展

目的 比较中国与日本的工匠制度与工匠精神的形成与历史发展轨迹，从而提出建立现代工匠制度和工匠精神的应对策略。方法 通过比较两国工匠精神差异的历史与客观原因，以及分析我国近现代工匠精神衰弱的历史根源，指出日本工匠精神仍存在一些不足，建议我国在发扬工匠精神时避免出现相似的局限。结论 提出三个方面的现实对策：制定新的法律法规，努力建立符合现代产业趋势的工匠制度；区分传统文化遗产保护与建立现代工匠精神的差别，确立新的行业与人才发展战略；提高创新型匠人和高级管理型人才的地位，突显大匠精神。国家要制定高科技产业的长远发展方略，引领高端制造业与科技领域的发展，实现从大国制造向大国智造的产业飞跃，把大匠精神内化为中国制造的灵魂。     

基于VSE的大南湖一矿通风系统现状仿真与评估

为了掌握大南湖一矿通风系统现状,科学评估其安全性、稳定可靠性及合理性,对全矿进行了通风参数精准普查,基于VSE软件对通风系统运行状况进行了仿真与评估。结果表明大南湖一矿通风系统存在部分巷道微风、回风大巷风速偏高、井下通风设施较多、部分角联分支易发生风流转向、矿井通风阻力分布不合理等问题,为系统的优化改造指明了方向。     

Chemistry Education Fostering Creativity in the Digital Era

Renewing undergraduate education in the chemical sciences to foster creativity using research, visualization and connectivity resources has substantial benefits, but requires changes in the curriculum and teaching methodology as well as in academic teaching and human resource conventional policies.